Importance of Inter-professional Working in Nursing Practice

Importance of Inter-professional Working in Nursing Practice Inter-professional working is constantly promoted to professionals within the health and social care sector. Various terms such as interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and interagency collaboration working have been used to promote professionals to work together with the patient, carers, relations, services and other professionals (SCIE, 2009). This Paper will explore the importance of inter-professional working in nursing practice, due to nurses supporting and treating a variety of patients. This paper will discuss the general importance of inter-professionalism as part of good nursing practice, it will use examples of adult stroke patients and children who have cerebral palsy. These two conditions have been chosen because they allow the paper to explore two different age groups and the needs of patients who tend to have complex social and healthcare needs. There is also a wealth of literature available on these conditions which helps highlight the need for nurses to work effectivel y with other health and social care professionals, service providers and carers. Patients initially tend to see nurses either alone on arrival at accident and emergency departments, or in conjunction with a medical practitioner. Therefore, the duration of time that a nurse spends with a patient tends to be longer than most other health/medical professionals (Godfrey, 2012). Ward nurses who work on hospital wards, provide care and support to admitted patients throughout their whole stay. This length of time spent with the patients allow them to be familiar with the patient, hence allowing them to recognise changes in a patients health and also to identify any new needs. Often, patients need to see more than one health/medical professional in their stay at the hospital, due to their health needs. Despite these professionals possessing specialist skills to support or treat specific health concerns that the patient may have, often the health recommendations that are given to the patient need to be performed routinely even when the patient is not in the presence of th is specialist. Therefore, allied health professionals tend to advise, seek the support of, or hand specific recommendations over to nurses. This is often seen between nurses and physiotherapists in mobility recommendations, this is because nurses often have to mobilise a patient out of hours as recommended by the physiotherapist (Godfrey, 2012). This avoids the patient having to wait for a physiotherapist on weekends, or to become frustrated due to being in one position for long periods of time and it also supports the overall hospital service aim of better patient outcomes. Similarly patients with complex physical issues, minimal mobility or neurological complications, such as stroke patients, need to be regularly moved to avoid pressure ulcers developing. In addition to this, regaining mobility gradually is often part of a patients stroke rehabilitation programme. Clear guidelines and training are given, as recommended by NICE, to nurses to perform safe moving and handling techniques on patients. These guidelines advise 2-3 trained professionals to move a patient who is bed bound, depending on the patients movement ability and weight (Jacob et al, 2007). If this is a stroke patient this needs to be done on recommendation of a physiotherapist (RCP, 2012). Therefore, it is important for nurses to communicate effectively with other health and social care professionals when moving and handling a patient who may have complex needs, as nurses may need specialist recommendations by the physiotherapist, or the patient may have medical equipment attached to the m which needs to be handled carefully or removed temporarily. Safe moving and handling techniques as part of a team effort not only promotes good health and social care practice, it also decreases the risk of injury to a nurse. This is particularly important as moving and handling injuries have been the most common causes of staff absence for a period of 3 days and longer between the years of 2007 and 2013 (Anderson, 2014). A key feature of hospital care is information sharing through ward rounds done by doctors and other health professionals. The aim of this is to provide patient care which can be delivered in a timely manner, but it also allows the multidisciplinary team involved with the patient to plan their future care and treatments. Nurses input via reporting to colleagues their judgement and observations on the patients current health state is not only vital for better care planning in the future, but it is also important because nurses can often voice the preferences that patients have expressed to them, hence promoting the principle of patient centred care (RCP and RCN, 2012). Furthermore, due to the direct care ward nurses give on their shift throughout the day to allocated patients, they often recognise the general deterioration of a patients health and wellbeing before other health professionals and doctors. Therefore, it is extremely important for the safety and well-being of patients for nurses to liaise with doctors regularly to manage the change of symptoms as soon as possible. Even though patient care planning is revisited and documented regularly by health and medical professionals when changes are needed for the patient, formal multidisciplinary meetings allow improved outcomes for the patient, an example of an improved outcome is when Stroke Early Discharge Support Teams can discharge patients earlier, allowing them to more likely be independent sooner in their daily tasks (Clarke, 2013). The multi-disciplinary team who has contributed to this evidence has consisted of specialist medical practitioners, various speciality therapists, dietitian, a care manager, nurses and sometimes a social worker. Nurses, due to possessing past history medical notes and the knowledge of relations who visit the patient, can usually provide the occupational therapist and the allocated social worker with information on key relations of the patient that maybe useful to contact prior to discharge. Also, nurses through conversation can gather information on the patients living situation at home. This is paramount in discharge planning for stroke patients as sometimes they are unable to communicate fully and clearly their living environment at home, as stroke can impact an individuals ability to communicate verbally and physically. Also, if patients have few or no relations living with them, they may need home care via nursing staff or telecare equipment which can support risks of injury or allow individuals to alert emergency care services via sensory equipment when they have a fall or another stroke which results them to fall. Even though occupational therapists will do assessments of the environment which the patient resides in (EKUHFT, 2015), nurses can often give the therapist insight on any issue the patient has had in their stay at the hospital, an example of this may be that the patient has difficulty lowering themselves to sit on the toilet, the occupational therapist would usually request for a grab/hand rail to be fitted in the patients home to support them to do this action. Patient care planning via inter-professional working is also fundamental to children who have been born with Cerebral Palsy. Nurses with specialist roles such as Health visitors, provide a community based service to cerebral palsy patients and their families. This differs to the role of nurses on the ward as Health visitors review the health of the patient in reference to their living environment and public health needs, hence allowing them to identify the wider health needs of the family too (Alexander, 2014).. Due to cerebral palsy being a non-curable condition the child and the family/carers of the child will regularly receive treatments and support from an extended network of health and social care professionals and also educational specialists and support staff (NHS, 2014). Therefore, health visitors need to be able to create successful inter-professional relations with professionals who are external to the health and social care industry such as educational psychologists, by un derstanding the role and service that the professional is providing to the patient. It is also vital to understand roles due to the referral systems we have in the United Kingdom, both within hospital and community care. Furthermore, policies can differ between the local authority, the NHS and private healthcare providers and the child and his/her family may have chosen to have a specific care package which the health visitor may not be aware of (Know your rights, 2015; NHS, 2013). Also, Health visitors often need to liaise with professionals who are not employed by the NHS or another private healthcare provider but by a local authority instead. This can mean the caseload is allocated differently, waiting times may differ and methods of referral may differ too. Therefore, to ensure that the patients transition is efficient and positive from immediate hospital care to accessing community based services, nurses need to be aware of the basic structure and logistics of other services. This awareness needs to be raised more specifically in the working environment for younger student nurses or graduate nurses who may not know the difference between certain professional roles, as despite accredited nursing programmes having modules or lessons in multidisciplinary practice covering the importance of knowing the roles of other health and social care professionals, sometimes there is confusion between specialists who support patients or service users with the same condition(s). A classic misunderstanding is a student nurse struggling to understand the difference between a mental health social worker and a mental health nurse, who can both work for community based teams and may be employed by the local authority (The Masked AMHP, 2012). The administration of medication is another role that nurses carry out in health and social care settings. The administration or preparation of medication is usually done by using the skills learnt from their training, instructions from the pharmacist or manufacturer guidelines. However, human error in the administration or preparation or omission of the medication can put the patient at risk of poor health or even death (NICE, 2014). Hospital pharmacists and dispensing staff function in a fast paced environment, hence processing prescriptions for medications that are needed for patients on the ward who vary in conditions. Some medications are needed urgently and human error can occur on the behalf of pharmacist or dispensing staff. Despite pharmacy staff recording clinical errors as part of their good clinical practise, nurses also need to be aware of these errors for the patients safety and awareness also needs to be raised to other nursing colleagues of the issue because the patie nts health may need to be checked regularly. . Furthermore, as doctors complete prescriptions for the request of medications, nursing staff only follow the patients drug chart in administrating the medication, hence it is vital for the nurse to understand what the doctor is prescribing the medication for (UHS, 2015). This is important to know as the nurse may observe patient changes after the patient has had the medication, which need to be recorded. To avoid error and to justify their clinical actions in medical administration of drugs, nurses need to be able to follow the advice and instructions of both the doctor and pharmacist, therefore effective and open communication allows questions to be asked and concerns to be raised, hence creating a strong working relationship. This protects not only the patient but it also improves working relationships between medical and nursing staff. Also, nursing staff and doctors caring and treating patients with cerebral palsy have to work using a comprehensive rehabilitation approach, which includes working alongside physiatrists who manage anti-spasticity medication and review medical complications associated with cerebral palsy. Hence, nursing staff need to have a broad understanding of the specialisms of the medical practitioners that they are liaising with, as often nursing staff liaise with several different specialists. To conclude, inter-professional working is clearly important for all health and social care staff, however it is extremely important for nursing staff because their varied role requires them to liaise with different professionals, settings and patients. Also, as nurses can now undertake CPD to specialise in areas such as such as stroke, diabetes, palliative care and disability, their role has changed from providing traditional nursing through practical care to now being able to provide specialist advice to the patient and relations on the management of the condition. (Niece McEwen, 2015). For nurses to be successful in their specialist roles they need to create positive working relationships with other health/medical staff, non-clinical professionals, carers/families and most importantly the patient. Furthermore, due to the demand of nurses in non-clinical settings such as homes and schools, for nurses to practice effectively they need to be able to understand the roles of professio nals practicing in community settings as often these professionals can provide the nurse with how the patient functions in their daily life. Due to ward nurses providing care throughout their shift, usually to the same patients, the greater length of time with the patient allows them to have a better insight to the patient and their health whilst in care of that ward. This allows them to feed back to fellow nurses and other health/medical professionals any changes that need to be made to the patients care plans. It seems not only is patient care improved by inter-professional working but also the skills and knowledge of nursing staff is also developed by learning from other professionals, it is likely that in the future, guidelines will further advise nurses to work more inter-professionally with other professionals. Bibliography Alexander, C. (2014) Growing into the role. Nursing Standard. 28 (20). p. 63. Anderson, M.P, Carlisle, S, Thomson, C, Ross, C, Reid, H.J, Hart, N.D, Clarkle, A. (2014) Safe moving and handling of patients: an interprofessional approach. Nursing Standard. 28 (46). p. 37-41. Clarke, D.J. (2013) The role of multidisciplinary team care in stroke rehabilitation. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 17 (4). p. 5-8. East Kent Hospitals University. (2015) The Stroke multidisciplinary team. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.ekhuft.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/services/elderly-services/stroke-services/stroke-care/the-stroke-multidisciplinary-team Godfrey, K. (2012) Is interdisciplinary the new multidisciplinary? [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.nursingtimes.net/opinion/nt-blog/is-interdisciplinary-the-new-multidisciplinary/5052155.blog Jacob, A, Rekha, R, Tarachand, J.S. (2007) Clinical Nursing Procedures: The Art of Nursing Practice. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Limited: New Delhi. Know your rights. (2015) 02. Your right to Health and Social Care. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.know-your-rights.org.uk/02.html National Health Service. (2013) Who Pays? Determining responsibility for payments to providers. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/who-pays.pdf National Health Service. (2014) Cerebral palsy – treatment. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cerebral-palsy/Pages/Treatment.aspx National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014) Safe staffing for nursing in adult inpatient wards in acute hospitals. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/sg1/chapter/9-safe-nursing-indicators#safe-nursing-indicator-medication-administration-errors Nies, M.A, McEwen, M. (2015) Community/Public Health nursing: Promoting the Health of Populations. Elsevier Saunders: Missouri. Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Nursing. (2012) Ward Rounds in medicine: principles for best practice. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/479329/004342.pdf Royal College of Physicians. (2012) National Clinical guideline for stroke. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/national-clinical-guidelines-for-stroke-fourth-edition.pdf/ Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2009) Interprofessional and inter-agency collobration. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.communitycare.co.uk/2009/08/03/interprofessional-and-inter-agency-collaboration/ The Masked, AMHP. (2012) Maintaining identity as a social worker in a multidisciplinary team. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/social-life-blog/2012/jul/20/social-work-in-multidisciplinary-teams University Hospital Southampton. (2015) Section 1 – Prescription Writing. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.uhs.nhs.uk/Media/suhtideal/Doctors/SaferPrescribingWorkbook/Section1-Prescriptionwriting.pdf

The Canterbury Tales: Applying Chaucers Criticism to Modern Society :: Sociology

The Canterbury Tales: Applying Chaucer's Criticism to Modern Society It is not hard to apply Chaucer's description of the greedy doctor to today's medical system, nor is it difficult to find modern-day people with equivalent personalities to those of many of Chaucer's other characters. However, it is the institutions of his time as well as their flaws and hypocrisies that Chaucer is most critical of; he uses the personalities of his characters primarily to highlight those flaws. The two institutions that he is most critical of have lost much, if not all, of their influence; in many instances, the Church has only slight hold on the lives and attitudes of the people as a whole, and the strict feudal system has entirely disappeared. Few institutions today are as clearly visible and universally influential as those two forces were in the Middle Ages, so, if Chaucer were writing his tales today, he would most likely turn to the hypocritical attitudes of the general populace and the idiosyncracies of our daily lives. He gives some emphasis to these in the Tales (for example, he mentions the prioress's ladylike compassion for even the smallest creature in the Prologue, but has her tell an anti-Semitic tale later), but, in today's American culture, he would be most likely to criticize businessmen, middle-class parents, and the demand formust instantaneous gratification. One of the things Chaucer would be most likely to point out about many big- businessmen would be the hypocrisy of their supposed love of sports. To truly love sports implies a similar love of sportsmanship, fairness, and equality competition. In a marketplace where one technology company takes another's product, reverse-engineers it (to avoid infringing on copyrights and patents), then sells it as its own, where is the sportsmanship? When that second company is already larger and has wider market contacts and greater marketing budgets, there is also no fairness. As for equality in the workplace and job-market, with age, gender and racial discrimination, that is difficult to find, too. The reason Chaucer would criticize the businessmen on the top as well as the institution itself would be because, since they are in positions of power, they can change things. Some try to; others more often don't. Another case is that of the middle-class parent who protests the deterioration of school standards, decries the loss of national morals, and ironically neglects his or her own child.

Pearl Harbor

When it comes down to major events in our countries history such as the attack Pearl Harbor, the acting cast should have put more heart into their characters to put the movie over the top. Throughout the movie, Pearl Harbor, the whole story revolves around the main characters of Rafe McCawley (Ben Affleck), Daniel â€Å"Danny† Walker (Josh Hartnett) and Nurse Evelyn Johnson (Kate Beckinsale). When it came down to those three characters in the movie, Pearl Harbor, the character development could have been portrayed very differently considering what this event did to the country.All of the acting in this moving seemed as if it was half-hearted and could have been done a lot better. The movie Pearl Harbor is directed by Michael Bay, also with the help of Jerry Bruckheimer and Randall Wallace. The main cast now a days is a very popular group of people. The names of Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett, Kate Beckinsale, Alex Baldwin (Major Jimmy Doolittle) and Cuba Gooding Jr. (Petty Officer 2nd Class, Dorie Miller) are the main actors/actress in this movie. The purpose of this movie was to show the story of what happened on December 7, 1941 on the islands of Hawaii. Mostly throughout the movie it was based on the love triangle that occluded between Affleck, Hartnett and Beckinsale. It is kind of a drag to a movie that is supposed to be about the bravery and courage that USA managed to still have after one of the most tragic events ever took place against them. From a character stand point, it could have been acted differently to make up for the fact the movie wasn’t about the details of the war as much as you would expect it to be. Rafe McCawley (Affleck) was always there to protect Danny from all the trouble that he encounters throughout his life. It all started at the beginning of the movie when Danny’s Father hits Danny, Rafe hits his Danny’s Father over the back, which shows right away that he is there to protect him. This is a characteristic that was learned right away about Rafe and how he is when it comes to his best friend. Rafe is a cocky fighter pilot that is in the Army at the time, with his best friend, Danny. Everything about Rafe is either him being cocky when it comes to his flying skills or else being over protective of Danny. When it came to his character it should have een better played out where it was harder to find out what the character is all about, but in this case he was easy to figure out which made the character kind of plain and dull. When it came to emotional scenes, Rafe would not look as emotional as he should when he gets the news he does, the only time he really showed true emotion is when he couldn’t protect Danny, but even then he over acted it. Personally there could have been a few ways Rafe could have showed his emotions differently. For example when he returned from his duties over in Europe, Danny had taken the place of him in Evelyn’s heart. When he returned he found out about this and the way he took it was not the way you would expect it to be handled when a person is in a crisis like this. He kind of just shrugs it off and kind movies on as if it doesn’t affect him. A person now a day would act completely different. They would be very mad at his friend and would have completely disowned his friend and the girl. Not only would that happen the person that would be in Rafe’s shoes would also be most likely be emotionally scared and hurt, not just be able to forget about it and move on with them in his life still. When it came down to Rafe in the movie Pearl Harbor he could have showed more heart and emotion when it came to his character in this movie. Daniel â€Å"Danny† Walker is also an amazing fighter pilot who was Rafe’s wingman. He was always looked at by Rafe as his younger brother and was always being protected from him. He would always want to be there to help out and look out for Rafe as well. When Rafe was over in Europe Danny began to fall for Evelyn, who was at the time Rafe’s girlfriend. He was the caring, sweet character between the two pilots. Just like Rafe, Danny was also a character who was not well developed because he was also very easy to read what kind of person he was. Danny was too sensitive for what his character actually does in this movie. The way he is portrayed in this movie, he would do anything to keep peace and happiness with close people in his life. But the twist was he went for his best friend’s girlfriend and fell in love with her. If he really was as sensitive as he showed while acting, a person like that would truly not do that to their friend. The acting was basically all Hollywood to try to add some extra effects to the movie when what actually happened didn’t fit the way the character acted all movie long. You cannot blame the reason for this on Josh Hartnett, it has to do with the directing and them telling Hartnett how he should perform during these situations. Evelyn Johnson (Kate Beckinsale) was a nurse that fell madly in love over the charm Rafe had at the medical examinations. Evelyn and Rafe were both stationed in the same location until she was stationed in Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and Rafe was going over to Europe. She showed her emotions and love for Rafe through notes they would write back and forth. Evelyn, while she was separated from Rafe, in Hawaii got some unwanted news from Danny. After that the two of them started to have a romance between them. When Rafe came back from Europe he was stationed in Hawaii to reunite with his girlfriend and best friend. But that’s when everyone finds out what kind of person Evelyn was. Towards the beginning of the movie she is â€Å"madly in love† with Rafe and all of a sudden after she gets some news, her heart has a change of ways and is going for Rafe’s best friend, Danny. You can understand people have a change of heart and cannot wait around forever, but for a person to stop loving someone and go for their best friend is just something that doesn’t happen too often, especially after the way she shows her affection towards the two men. Once again it was a Hollywood set up to make the movie have more drama to it. They basically added her emotions and this part of the story to the movie to add more length and storyline to it. If these scenes were taken out of the movie, the plot would be a little different but would still have the same concept, also would be a better historical movie rather than a drama movie. When it came to a movie such as Pearl Harbor where this event scared the humanity of America, the movie should have been more focused on the issue it is title after, rather than the love romance that happened between the characters. This movie is a great movie, but if it were to take out the sappy romance or at least have the actors and actress put a little more effort and more timely emotions into the picture it would have made this movie even better. When it comes down to the character development, it made this movie only a good movie compared to the potential to be an excellent movie.

The Development of War Poetry Throughout Ww1 - 1027 Words

The development of war poetry throughout WW1 was influenced by many different incidents. Many of the soldiers developed friendships with each other based on the amount of time they spent together in the trenches. One of the reasons soldiers developed such strong comradeships that lasted even after the war, was due to the amount of horror and bloodshed they had witnessed together, furthermore the shared experience of suffering and hardship led to strong companionship and their experiences affected what they wrote about in their poems. Many of the men wrote poetry as a mean of expressing their despair as their situation and possible fate. In order to express my view over this I will be comparing and contrasting three different poems by†¦show more content†¦Sassoon also uses Repetition for the line ‘does it matter?’ and he follows it with ellipses to add the effect of silence and let the reader about it. ‘Does it matter? —losing your sight?..’ All a poet can do today is warn which is why true poets must always be truthful; Sassoon told everyone that the war is not what they think it is. All three poems have different meanings and all had a different view over war but one thing they share is they all know how brutal war is and what effects it has on the soldiers. At the start of the war everyone was eager and enthusiastic but when the war actually started no one gave the soldiers the credit, there is the patriotic poem by Brooke which keeps repeating England and how it is great to give up your life for England as â€Å"she† has given you health and prosperity. However the more somber poem by Owen, which shows us the real truth about the war as he personally, fought in the trenches with his friends and he had seen them die. He would have the horrific true perspective of the war. The Language he uses is so powerful and is also philosophical and full of wonder like futility, Siegfried Sassoon’s poem is also a very honest poem, he tells the truth but he justifies that they are fighting for their country andShow MoreRelatedPoem Analysis : Somewhere I Have Ne ver Travelled 1056 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay looks at one of his poems ‘somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond’ written in this movement from a critical perspective, to establish whether Cummings poem really followed the poetic features that are characteristic of Modernist poetry, to what extent, and if the poem is a true example of it’s time. Cummings poem ‘somewhere i have never travelled’ was written and published in 1931. An American artist, playwright, author and poet, Cummings work was greatly influenced by the ModernistRead MoreEliot s Poetry Of A Divided Mind2445 Words   |  10 Pagesthat would kiss | Form prayers to broken stone.† To what extent and in what ways is Eliot’s poetry testament to a divided mind? W.B. Yeats famously said that poetry was born from a â€Å"quarrel with ourselves,† and Faulkner later added in his Nobel Prize Speech that good writing comes only from â€Å"the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself.† These insights are no more apt than when applied to the poetry of T.S. Eliot. Exploding onto the poetic scene in 1915, Eliot and his friend Ezra Pound wereRead More John Maynard Keynes Essay examples4182 Words   |  17 Pagesholding several high positions during both world wars. He later married Margaret Darwin, granddaughter of the famous biologist, Charles Darwin. As we can see the Keynes family was filled with distinguished and influential individuals. Contrary to many of the individuals Gardner looked at and contrary to many of those in the Bloomsbury Group, Maynard enjoyed a close relationship with both of his parents which proved to be beneficial in his development as a creative genius. He had great respect for